The 71 muscles of a first anatomy course with origin, insertion, action and nerve: head and neck, back, chest and abdomen, arm, forearm, hip, thigh and leg. Flashcards, matching and a typed quiz. Free in your browser, no sign-up.
Subject: biology
Head and neck: tap the matching pairs
Answer: N/A
Head and neck
Back and shoulder: tap the matching pairs
Answer: N/A
Back and shoulder
Back and shoulder: tap the matching pairs
Answer: N/A
Back and shoulder
Chest and abdomen: tap the matching pairs
Answer: N/A
Chest and abdomen
Chest and abdomen: tap the matching pairs
Answer: N/A
Chest and abdomen
Arm: tap the matching pairs
Answer: N/A
Arm
Forearm: tap the matching pairs
Answer: N/A
Forearm
Forearm: tap the matching pairs
Answer: N/A
Forearm
Hip and thigh: tap the matching pairs
Answer: N/A
Hip and thigh
Hip and thigh: tap the matching pairs
Answer: N/A
Hip and thigh
Hip and thigh: tap the matching pairs
Answer: N/A
Hip and thigh
Leg: tap the matching pairs
Answer: N/A
Leg
Leg: tap the matching pairs
Answer: N/A
Leg
Groups and tendons: tap the matching pairs
Answer: N/A
Groups and tendons
Groups and tendons: tap the matching pairs
Answer: N/A
Groups and tendons
Nerves: tap the matching pairs
Answer: N/A
Nerves
Nerves: tap the matching pairs
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Nerves
Nerves: tap the matching pairs
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Nerves
Nerves: tap the matching pairs
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Nerves
Which nerve supplies the latissimus dorsi?
Answer: Thoracodorsal nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve. It follows the latissimus dorsi down the back wall of the armpit.
Wrist drop follows an injury above the elbow to the _____, which supplies every posterior forearm muscle.
Answer: Radial nerve
Radial nerve. It supplies the triceps and every posterior forearm muscle, plus the brachioradialis.
Which long forearm muscle flexes the thumb?
Answer: Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor pollicis longus. Origin: front of the radius and interosseous membrane. Insertion: distal phalanx of the thumb. Nerve: median nerve, anterior interosseous branch.
Which muscles between the ribs depress the ribs when you breathe out forcefully?
Answer: Internal intercostals
Internal intercostals. Their fibers run at right angles to the external intercostals. Origin: upper border of each rib. Insertion: lower border of the rib above. Nerve: intercostal nerves.
Which finger flexor inserts on the distal phalanges and is supplied by both the median and the ulnar nerve?
Answer: Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor digitorum profundus. Origin: front and medial surface of the ulna, interosseous membrane. Insertion: distal phalanges of fingers 2 to 5. Action: flexes the distal interphalangeal joints. Nerve: median nerve (lateral half) and ulnar nerve (medial half).
Damage to which nerve paralyses the serratus anterior and causes a winged scapula?
Answer: Long thoracic nerve
Long thoracic nerve. The medial border of the scapula lifts away from the chest wall.
Which chewing muscle fills the temporal fossa and inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible?
Answer: Temporalis
Temporalis. Origin: temporal fossa. Insertion: coronoid process of the mandible. Action: elevates and retracts the mandible. Nerve: mandibular nerve (CN V3).
Which adductor runs from the body of the pubis to the middle third of the linea aspera?
Answer: Adductor longus
Adductor longus. Origin: body of the pubis. Insertion: linea aspera, middle third. Action: adducts the hip. Nerve: obturator nerve.
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis form the _____.
Answer: Rotator cuff
Rotator cuff. They hold the head of the humerus in the shallow glenoid cavity. The memory aid is SITS. Teres major is not part of it.
Which lateral leg muscle everts the foot and is supplied by the superficial fibular nerve?
Answer: Fibularis longus
Fibularis longus. Origin: head and upper lateral surface of the fibula. Insertion: medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal. Action: everts the foot and helps plantarflex it. Older books call it peroneus longus.
Which cranial nerve supplies all the muscles of facial expression?
Answer: Facial nerve
Facial nerve. Cranial nerve VII. It supplies the orbicularis oculi, the orbicularis oris and the platysma.
Clench your teeth and you feel the _____ bulge at the angle of the jaw.
Answer: Masseter
Masseter. Origin: zygomatic arch. Insertion: angle and lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible. Action: elevates the mandible and closes the jaw. Nerve: mandibular nerve (CN V3). One of the strongest muscles in the body.
Which thin adductor runs from the pubis to the medial tibia and also flexes the knee?
Answer: Gracilis
Gracilis. Origin: body and inferior ramus of the pubis. Insertion: upper medial surface of the tibia. Nerve: obturator nerve.
Iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis together make up the _____.
Answer: Erector spinae
Erector spinae. Iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis, lateral to medial ("I Love Spine"). Origin: sacrum, iliac crest, lumbar and lower thoracic spinous processes. Insertion: ribs, vertebrae above, mastoid process. Nerve: posterior rami of the spinal nerves.
Which ring of muscle around the eye closes the eyelids?
Answer: Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oculi. Origin: medial margin of the orbit. Insertion: skin around the eye. Nerve: facial nerve (CN VII).
Which quadriceps muscle lies on the inner side of the thigh, above the knee?
Answer: Vastus medialis
Vastus medialis. Origin: intertrochanteric line and linea aspera. Insertion: tibial tuberosity through the patella. Action: extends the knee. Nerve: femoral nerve.
Of the four quadriceps muscles, only the _____ crosses the hip.
Answer: Rectus femoris
Rectus femoris. Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine. Insertion: tibial tuberosity through the patella and patellar ligament. Action: extends the knee and flexes the hip. Nerve: femoral nerve.
Which nerve supplies the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Answer: Ulnar nerve
Ulnar nerve. The only two anterior forearm muscles the median nerve does not fully supply.
Which quadriceps muscle lies deep, under the rectus femoris, on the front of the femoral shaft?
Answer: Vastus intermedius
Vastus intermedius. Origin: front and lateral surface of the femoral shaft. Insertion: tibial tuberosity through the patella. Action: extends the knee. Nerve: femoral nerve.
The psoas major and iliacus share a tendon and together are called the _____.
Answer: Iliopsoas
Iliopsoas. They share one tendon to the lesser trochanter and are the strongest flexor of the hip.
In a pull-up, the _____ pulls the arms down toward the trunk.
Answer: Latissimus dorsi
Latissimus dorsi. Origin: spinous processes of T7 to T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lower ribs. Insertion: floor of the intertubercular sulcus. Action: extends, adducts and medially rotates the arm. Nerve: thoracodorsal nerve.
Which large chest muscle runs from the clavicle and sternum to the lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus?
Answer: Pectoralis major
Pectoralis major. Origin: medial half of the clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 1 to 6. Insertion: lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus. Action: adducts and medially rotates the arm; the clavicular part flexes it. Nerve: medial and lateral pectoral nerves.
Which wrist flexor inserts on the base of the second metacarpal?
Answer: Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi radialis. Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus. Insertion: base of the second metacarpal. Action: flexes the wrist and abducts the hand. Nerve: median nerve.
Which nerve supplies the tibialis anterior?
Answer: Deep fibular nerve
Deep fibular nerve. It supplies the anterior compartment of the leg, the dorsiflexors.
Which muscle runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the iliotibial tract and tightens it?
Answer: Tensor fasciae latae
Tensor fasciae latae. Origin: anterior superior iliac spine. Insertion: iliotibial tract. Action: abducts, flexes and medially rotates the hip. Nerve: superior gluteal nerve.
About one person in seven has no _____ in one or both arms.
Answer: Palmaris longus
Palmaris longus. Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus. Insertion: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis. Nerve: median nerve. Its absence causes no loss of function.
Which arm muscle runs from the coracoid process to the middle of the humerus and flexes and adducts the arm?
Answer: Coracobrachialis
Coracobrachialis. Origin: coracoid process. Insertion: medial surface of the humerus, middle third. Nerve: musculocutaneous nerve.
Which is the outermost of the three flat muscles of the abdominal wall?
Answer: External oblique
External oblique. Origin: outer surfaces of ribs 5 to 12. Insertion: linea alba, pubic tubercle, iliac crest. Action: compresses the abdomen and flexes the trunk; one side rotates the trunk to the opposite side. Nerve: intercostal nerves T7 to T11 and subcostal nerve.
Which hip flexor fills the iliac fossa and is supplied by the femoral nerve?
Answer: Iliacus
Iliacus. Origin: iliac fossa. Insertion: lesser trochanter, sharing a tendon with the psoas major. Nerve: femoral nerve.
The _____ is named after its three attachments: the sternum, the clavicle and the mastoid process.
Answer: Sternocleidomastoid
Sternocleidomastoid. Origin: manubrium of the sternum and medial third of the clavicle. Insertion: mastoid process. Action: one side tilts the head to the same side and turns the face to the opposite side; both sides flex the neck. Nerve: accessory nerve (CN XI).
Tendinous intersections divide the _____ into the "six pack".
Answer: Rectus abdominis
Rectus abdominis. Origin: pubic crest and pubic symphysis. Insertion: xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5 to 7. Nerve: intercostal nerves T7 to T11 and subcostal nerve.
Which small muscle runs from the lateral epicondyle to the olecranon and helps extend the elbow?
Answer: Anconeus
Anconeus. Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Insertion: olecranon and back of the ulna. Nerve: radial nerve.
Which rotator cuff muscle fills the fossa below the spine of the scapula?
Answer: Infraspinatus
Infraspinatus. Origin: infraspinous fossa. Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus, middle facet. Action: laterally rotates the arm. Nerve: suprascapular nerve.
Which wrist flexor inserts on the pisiform and is supplied by the ulnar nerve?
Answer: Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi ulnaris. Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus and olecranon. Insertion: pisiform, hamate, base of the fifth metacarpal. Action: flexes the wrist and adducts the hand. Nerve: ulnar nerve.
What is the group of four muscles on the front of the thigh that extend the knee?
Answer: Quadriceps femoris
Quadriceps femoris. Rectus femoris and vastus lateralis, medialis and intermedius, with one tendon to the patella and the tibial tuberosity. Nerve: femoral nerve.
The longest muscle in the body is the _____.
Answer: Sartorius
Sartorius. Origin: anterior superior iliac spine. Insertion: upper medial surface of the tibia. Action: flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the hip; flexes the knee. Nerve: femoral nerve.
Damage to which nerve causes a positive Trendelenburg sign?
Answer: Superior gluteal nerve
Superior gluteal nerve. The gluteus medius and minimus cannot hold the pelvis level, so it drops on the side of the lifted leg. It also supplies the tensor fasciae latae.
Which lateral rotator of the hip runs from the front of the sacrum to the greater trochanter?
Answer: Piriformis
Piriformis. Origin: front of the sacrum. Insertion: top of the greater trochanter. Nerve: nerve to piriformis (S1, S2).
Which muscle wraps around the upper radius and turns the palm up?
Answer: Supinator
Supinator. Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus and supinator crest of the ulna. Insertion: upper third of the radius. Nerve: radial nerve, deep branch.
Which thin sheet of muscle in the neck tenses the skin and pulls the corners of the mouth down?
Answer: Platysma
Platysma. Origin: fascia over the upper pectoralis major and deltoid. Insertion: lower border of the mandible and skin of the lower face. Nerve: facial nerve (CN VII), cervical branch.
Which wrist extensor runs from the lateral supracondylar ridge to the base of the second metacarpal?
Answer: Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis longus. Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus. Insertion: base of the second metacarpal. Action: extends the wrist and abducts the hand. Nerve: radial nerve.
Which deep calf muscle inverts the foot and supports its arch?
Answer: Tibialis posterior
Tibialis posterior. Origin: back of the tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane. Insertion: navicular and the other tarsal bones, bases of metatarsals 2 to 4. Action: plantarflexes and inverts the foot. Nerve: tibial nerve.
Which large buttock muscle extends the hip when you climb stairs or rise from a chair?
Answer: Gluteus maximus
Gluteus maximus. Origin: back of the ilium, sacrum and coccyx. Insertion: iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur. Action: extends and laterally rotates the hip. Nerve: inferior gluteal nerve.
Which nerve supplies the quadriceps femoris?
Answer: Femoral nerve
Femoral nerve. It also supplies the sartorius and the iliacus.
Which muscle lies under the biceps and flexes the elbow whether the palm faces up or down?
Answer: Brachialis
Brachialis. Origin: front of the lower half of the humerus. Insertion: coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna. Nerve: musculocutaneous nerve.
Which forearm muscle has a humeral and an ulnar head and inserts on the middle of the radius?
Answer: Pronator teres
Pronator teres. Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna. Insertion: lateral surface of the radius. Action: pronates the forearm. Nerve: median nerve.
Which is the smallest and deepest of the three gluteal muscles?
Answer: Gluteus minimus
Gluteus minimus. Origin: outer surface of the ilium, below the gluteus medius. Insertion: front of the greater trochanter. Action: abducts and medially rotates the hip. Nerve: superior gluteal nerve.
Which square muscle joins the lower quarters of the ulna and radius and pronates the forearm?
Answer: Pronator quadratus
Pronator quadratus. Origin: lower quarter of the front of the ulna. Insertion: lower quarter of the front of the radius. Nerve: median nerve, anterior interosseous branch.
Which nerve supplies all four muscles of mastication?
Answer: Mandibular nerve
Mandibular nerve. The third division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3).
Which is the middle of the three flat muscles of the abdominal wall?
Answer: Internal oblique
Internal oblique. Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament. Insertion: lower ribs, linea alba, pubis. Action: compresses the abdomen and flexes the trunk; one side rotates the trunk to the same side. Nerve: intercostal nerves T7 to T11, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves.
Which nerve supplies the gastrocnemius and soleus?
Answer: Tibial nerve
Tibial nerve. It supplies the posterior compartment of the leg, the plantarflexors.
Which muscles between the ribs elevate the ribs when you breathe in?
Answer: External intercostals
External intercostals. Origin: lower border of each rib. Insertion: upper border of the rib below. Nerve: intercostal nerves.
What are the masseter, temporalis and the medial and lateral pterygoids called together?
Answer: Muscles of mastication
Muscles of mastication. All four are supplied by the mandibular nerve (CN V3).
Which three headed muscle on the back of the arm inserts on the olecranon?
Answer: Triceps brachii
Triceps brachii. Origin: long head from the infraglenoid tubercle, lateral and medial heads from the back of the humerus. Insertion: olecranon. Action: extends the elbow; the long head also extends the arm. Nerve: radial nerve.
What are the gastrocnemius and soleus called together?
Answer: Triceps surae
Triceps surae. The calf. They share the calcaneal tendon.
Which cranial nerve supplies the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius?
Answer: Accessory nerve
Accessory nerve. Cranial nerve XI.
Which two headed calf muscle starts on the femur, so it flexes the knee as well as plantarflexing the foot?
Answer: Gastrocnemius
Gastrocnemius. Origin: medial and lateral condyles of the femur. Insertion: calcaneus through the calcaneal tendon. Nerve: tibial nerve.
Which nerve supplies the gluteus maximus?
Answer: Inferior gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve. The gluteus maximus is the only muscle it supplies.
What is the shared insertion of the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus on the medial tibia called?
Answer: Pes anserinus
Pes anserinus. Latin for goose foot. The memory aid for its muscles is "Say Grace before Tea".
Which triangular muscle caps the shoulder and abducts the arm after the first 15 degrees?
Answer: Deltoid
Deltoid. Origin: lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula. Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus. Action: middle part abducts the arm; anterior part flexes and medially rotates it; posterior part extends and laterally rotates it. Nerve: axillary nerve.
Which hip flexor runs from the lumbar vertebrae to the lesser trochanter?
Answer: Psoas major
Psoas major. Origin: bodies and transverse processes of T12 to L5. Insertion: lesser trochanter. Nerve: anterior rami of L1 to L3.
Which small chest muscle runs from ribs 3 to 5 to the coracoid process?
Answer: Pectoralis minor
Pectoralis minor. Origin: ribs 3 to 5. Insertion: coracoid process. Action: pulls the scapula forward and down. Nerve: medial pectoral nerve.
Which muscle runs from the spinous processes of T2 to T5 to the medial border of the scapula?
Answer: Rhomboid major
Rhomboid major. Origin: spinous processes of T2 to T5. Insertion: medial border of the scapula below the spine. Action: retracts the scapula and rotates it downward. Nerve: dorsal scapular nerve.
Which finger flexor inserts on the middle phalanges of fingers 2 to 5?
Answer: Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum superficialis. Origin: medial epicondyle, coronoid process of the ulna, front of the radius. Insertion: middle phalanges of fingers 2 to 5. Action: flexes the proximal interphalangeal joints. Nerve: median nerve.
Which hamstring inserts on the upper medial tibia together with the sartorius and gracilis?
Answer: Semitendinosus
Semitendinosus. Origin: ischial tuberosity. Insertion: upper medial surface of the tibia. Action: flexes the knee and extends the hip. Nerve: sciatic nerve, tibial part.
The only hamstring with a short head that starts on the femur is the _____.
Answer: Biceps femoris
Biceps femoris. Origin: long head from the ischial tuberosity, short head from the linea aspera. Insertion: head of the fibula. Action: flexes the knee; the long head also extends the hip. Nerve: sciatic nerve, tibial and common fibular parts.
Which is the innermost of the three flat muscles of the abdominal wall?
Answer: Transversus abdominis
Transversus abdominis. Origin: costal cartilages of ribs 7 to 12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament. Insertion: linea alba and pubic crest. Action: compresses the abdomen. Nerve: intercostal nerves T7 to T11, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves.
You shrug your shoulders with the upper fibers of the _____.
Answer: Trapezius
Trapezius. Origin: external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 to T12. Insertion: lateral third of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula. Action: upper fibers elevate the scapula, middle fibers retract it, lower fibers depress it; upper and lower fibers together rotate it upward. Nerve: accessory nerve (CN XI).
Damage to the long thoracic nerve paralyses the _____ and causes a winged scapula.
Answer: Serratus anterior
Serratus anterior. Origin: outer surfaces of ribs 1 to 8. Insertion: medial border of the scapula, front surface. Action: protracts the scapula and rotates it upward. Nerve: long thoracic nerve.
Which muscle runs from the transverse processes of C1 to C4 to the scapula and lifts it?
Answer: Levator scapulae
Levator scapulae. Origin: transverse processes of C1 to C4. Insertion: medial border of the scapula above the spine. Action: elevates the scapula. Nerve: dorsal scapular nerve and C3, C4.
Which rotator cuff muscle runs from the lateral border of the scapula and is supplied by the axillary nerve?
Answer: Teres minor
Teres minor. Origin: lateral border of the scapula. Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus, lowest facet. Action: laterally rotates the arm. Nerve: axillary nerve.
Which middle gluteal muscle abducts the hip and keeps the pelvis level when you stand on one leg?
Answer: Gluteus medius
Gluteus medius. Origin: outer surface of the ilium. Insertion: greater trochanter. Action: abducts and medially rotates the hip. Nerve: superior gluteal nerve.
To bend a fully straightened knee, the _____ first unlocks it by rotation.
Answer: Popliteus
Popliteus. Origin: lateral condyle of the femur. Insertion: back of the tibia, above the soleal line. Action: rotates the knee to unlock it and helps flex it. Nerve: tibial nerve.
Which muscle on the front of the leg dorsiflexes and inverts the foot?
Answer: Tibialis anterior
Tibialis anterior. Origin: lateral condyle and upper lateral surface of the tibia. Insertion: medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal. Nerve: deep fibular nerve.
What is the tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus called?
Answer: Calcaneal tendon
Calcaneal tendon. Also called the Achilles tendon. It inserts on the calcaneus and is the thickest and strongest tendon in the body.
Which nerve supplies the supraspinatus and the infraspinatus?
Answer: Suprascapular nerve
Suprascapular nerve. Two of the four rotator cuff muscles.
The diaphragm is supplied by the _____, which comes from C3, C4 and C5.
Answer: Phrenic nerve
Phrenic nerve. The memory aid is "C3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive".
Which hamstring inserts on the back of the medial condyle of the tibia?
Answer: Semimembranosus
Semimembranosus. Origin: ischial tuberosity. Insertion: back of the medial condyle of the tibia. Action: flexes the knee and extends the hip. Nerve: sciatic nerve, tibial part.
Which muscle on the front of the leg extends toes 2 to 5?
Answer: Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor digitorum longus. Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia and front of the fibula. Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of toes 2 to 5. Action: extends the toes and dorsiflexes the foot. Nerve: deep fibular nerve.
Which quadriceps muscle lies on the outer side of the thigh?
Answer: Vastus lateralis
Vastus lateralis. Origin: greater trochanter and linea aspera. Insertion: tibial tuberosity through the patella. Action: extends the knee. Nerve: femoral nerve.
Which muscle runs from the inferior angle of the scapula to the humerus but is not part of the rotator cuff?
Answer: Teres major
Teres major. Origin: inferior angle of the scapula. Insertion: medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus. Action: extends, adducts and medially rotates the arm. Nerve: lower subscapular nerve.
Which nerve supplies most of the muscles on the front of the forearm?
Answer: Median nerve
Median nerve. All of them except the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus.
Which nerve supplies the adductor longus and the gracilis?
Answer: Obturator nerve
Obturator nerve. It supplies the medial compartment of the thigh, the adductors.
The rotator cuff tendon that tears most often belongs to the _____.
Answer: Supraspinatus
Supraspinatus. Origin: supraspinous fossa. Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus, top facet. Nerve: suprascapular nerve. Its tendon is the cuff tendon that tears most often.
Which nerve supplies the fibularis longus?
Answer: Superficial fibular nerve
Superficial fibular nerve. It supplies the lateral compartment of the leg, which everts the foot.
Which ring of muscle around the mouth closes and protrudes the lips?
Answer: Orbicularis oris
Orbicularis oris. Origin: maxilla, mandible and the other muscles around the mouth. Insertion: skin and mucous membrane of the lips. Nerve: facial nerve (CN VII).
Which calf muscle lies under the gastrocnemius and starts below the knee?
Answer: Soleus
Soleus. Origin: head of the fibula and soleal line of the tibia. Insertion: calcaneus through the calcaneal tendon. Action: plantarflexes the foot. Nerve: tibial nerve.
The _____ inserts on the radial tuberosity and is the strongest supinator of the forearm.
Answer: Biceps brachii
Biceps brachii. Origin: short head from the coracoid process, long head from the supraglenoid tubercle. Insertion: radial tuberosity. Nerve: musculocutaneous nerve.
The _____ flexes the elbow even though the radial nerve supplies it.
Answer: Brachioradialis
Brachioradialis. Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus. Insertion: styloid process of the radius. Nerve: radial nerve, the exception among the elbow flexors.
Which small muscle runs from C7 and T1 to the medial border of the scapula at the root of its spine?
Answer: Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid minor. Origin: ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7 and T1. Insertion: medial border of the scapula at the root of the spine. Action: retracts the scapula. Nerve: dorsal scapular nerve.
The only rotator cuff muscle that inserts on the lesser tubercle is the _____.
Answer: Subscapularis
Subscapularis. Origin: subscapular fossa. Insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus. Action: medially rotates the arm. Nerve: upper and lower subscapular nerves.
What are the biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus called together?
Answer: Hamstrings
Hamstrings. All three start at the ischial tuberosity, except the short head of the biceps femoris, and all flex the knee.
Which wrist extensor inserts on the base of the fifth metacarpal?
Answer: Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi ulnaris. Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus and back of the ulna. Insertion: base of the fifth metacarpal. Action: extends the wrist and adducts the hand. Nerve: radial nerve, deep branch.
Which nerve supplies the deltoid and the teres minor?
Answer: Axillary nerve
Axillary nerve. Teres minor is the one rotator cuff muscle it supplies.
Which forearm muscle inserts on the extensor expansions of fingers 2 to 5?
Answer: Extensor digitorum
Extensor digitorum. Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Insertion: extensor expansions of fingers 2 to 5. Action: extends the fingers and the wrist. Nerve: radial nerve, deep branch.
What is the midline band of connective tissue where the flat abdominal muscles meet?
Answer: Linea alba
Linea alba. Latin for white line. It runs from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis.
Which adductor has a hamstring part supplied by the tibial nerve?
Answer: Adductor magnus
Adductor magnus. Origin: inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, ischial tuberosity. Insertion: linea aspera and adductor tubercle. Action: adducts the hip. Nerve: obturator nerve and tibial nerve.
The phrenic nerve, from C3 to C5, supplies the _____.
Answer: Diaphragm
Diaphragm. Origin: xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 7 to 12, lumbar vertebrae L1 to L3. Insertion: central tendon. Nerve: phrenic nerve (C3 to C5).
Damage to which nerve at the neck of the fibula causes foot drop?
Answer: Common fibular nerve
Common fibular nerve. It divides into the deep and superficial fibular nerves, so the injury paralyses the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg.
Which nerve supplies the biceps brachii, brachialis and coracobrachialis?
Answer: Musculocutaneous nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve. It supplies the anterior muscles of the arm, which flex.
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